Archaeologist begins search for wreck of slave ship that mutinied

An archaeologist is to begin searching the South African coast for a slave ship that was the site of a dramatic battle between Madagascan slaves and their Dutch captors in 1766. Jaco Boshoff hopes to find the wreck of the Meermin and shed new light on the slave trade.

In December 1765, the Dutch East India Company controlled the Meermin and sent it from Cape Town round the tip of South Africa to buy slaves on the west coast of Madagascar, 1,700 miles away. The crew picked up 147 slaves there, and set sail to return home. At sea, the Dutch crew ordered some of the slaves to clean the guns and some spears they had picked up as souvenirs. The quick-witted slaves used the arms to kill half the 60-member crew and ordered the survivors to sail the ship back to Madagascar.

The sailors did as they were ordered by day, but at night they steered the ship back towards Cape Town - at a faster pace. When the boat finally dropped anchor in Cape Town, some of the Madagascans went ashore, only to be overpowered by farmers. The rest remained on board until the ship hit a sandbank and they were captured. The authorities abandoned the damaged Meermin on the sand.

Now Mr Boshoff, who works with the government-run Iziko Museums in Cape Town, believes he can find the remains of the ship. He has already spent three years surveying with magnetometers the area he hopes to dig and is confident that the clutch of magnetic abnormalities near the mouth of the Heuningries River in the Western Cape indicate it is the place. He hopes to find shackles, spears and iron guns that will provide evidence of the battles that took place on board.

At least 30 ships are believed to have run aground in the dangerous waters off Struis Bay, at the southernmost tip of South Africa, but most have never been recovered. Historians often complain that while slavery has left a strong legacy, there has been very little archaeological and written evidence of its history.

The first wreck of a slave ship was found off Key West in Florida in 1972. Divers had initially thought the sunken ship was a Spanish galleon, until they unearthed an ivory tusk - evidence that the ship had carried African cargo. Since then, 10 slave shipwrecks have been found worldwide.

South Africa was for a time the centre of a global slave trade: in the days when the Dutch controlled the Cape, slaves were brought there from Sumatra, Madagascar, and other farflung islands. At one point the number of slaves in the Cape outnumbered free citizens


By Meera Selva, Africa Correspondent

History ERUPTION

On the morning of Aug 27, 1883, the rumbling volcano of Krakatoa, off the coast of Java, stood more than 6,000 feet high with a diameter of approximately 10 miles. Later that day, this giant cone exploded so violently it was literally blown away.

This month, the Discovery Channel brings to life the story of this mammoth eruption with the premiere two-hour special Krakatoa. Featuring dramatic recreations, contemporary documentary footage and breathtaking special effects, Krakatoa premieres Aug 28 at 8pm. The programme repeats on Aug 29 at noon and Aug 31 at 5pm on UBC 25.

The effects of the volcanic explosion caused a tsunami more than 140 feet high. The eruption reduced the island of Krakatoa to a third of its former size and sent massive waves crashing onto Asian shores. Hail-sized stones fell as far as 100 miles away, and Jakarta fell into total darkness.

For many of the area's inhabitants, Armageddon had arrived. The noise of the eruption was unprecedented _ it was heard as far away as Alice Springs and Madagascar. Its power has been calculated as the equivalent of 21,000 megatonnes of nuclear explosion. More than 36,000 people were killed immediately, and countries across the globe were affected by the volcano's devastating after-effects.

The eruption of Krakatoa was one of the best-documented natural cataclysms in history; from the first indications that something was amiss to the final explosion, each step was witnessed and recorded by the Dutch settlers living in the region. Through their testimony, viewers can witness the volcano's reawakening and its final devastating eruption.

Krakatoa also examines the geological processes through which a seemingly benign, supposedly extinct volcano could have burst back to life with such ferocity and such disastrous consequences. Portions of the programme also tie the resulting tsunami destruction to the Dec 26, 2004, tsunami.

Cataclysmic blast